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Nouvelles Extraordinaires de Divers Endroits
''Nouvelles Extraordinaires de Divers Endroits'' (English: "Extraordinary News from Various Places") or ''Gazette de Leyde'' (Gazette of Leiden) was the most important newspaper of record of the international European newspapers of the late 17th to the late 18th century.〔 Jerzy Łojek, Ku naprawie Rzeczpospolitej: konstytucja 3 Maja, Wyd. Interpress, 1988, ISBN 83-223-2324-7, p.113〕 In the last few decades of the 18th century it was one of the main political newspapers in the Western world.〔 Bernard Coppens, (1789-1815 Gazette de Leyde ). 2 February 2006. 1789-1815.com. Retrieved 10 February 2010.〕〔Hannah Barker, Simon Burrows, ''Press, politics and the public sphere in Europe and North America, 1760-1820'', Cambridge University Press, 2002, ISBN 0-521-66207-9, (Google Print, p.170 )〕〔L. H. Butterfield and Marc Friedlaender,''Adams Family Correspondence'', Harvard University Press, (Google Print, p.xiv )〕〔(Gazette de Leyde. - Nouvelles extraordinaires de divers endroits ). Hinck & Wall, Inc. / viaLibri. Retrieved 10 February 2010.〕 To the readers in France, it provided full coverage of the American revolution and the American revolutionary war.
It was published in French in Leiden, Netherlands.〔 At that time the Netherlands enjoyed a significant freedom of the press.〔 Its circulation likely exceeded 10,000, and it may have reached even up to 100,000.〔〔
==Background==
The Netherlands (United Provinces) were, in the 18th century, very tolerant in matters of freedom of the press and religious freedom. Compared to most contemporary countries, such as France, Great Britain or the Holy Roman Empire, there was little government interference (censorship or monopolies).〔John Christian Laursen, ''New essays on the political thought of the Huguenots of the Refuge'', BRILL, 1995, ISBN 90-04-09986-7, (Google Print, p.73, 94-5 )〕 Many Huguenots fled France for the Netherlands during the reign of Louis XIV, particularly after the revocation of the Edict of Nantes in 1685.〔Gerald Cerny, ''Theology, politics, and letters at the crossroads of European civilization: Jacques Basnage and the Baylean Huguenot refugees in the Dutch republic'', Springer, 1987, ISBN 90-247-3150-X, (Google Print, p.307 )〕 Several of them began publishing French-language newspapers (French being both their language and internationally used - see lingua franca) in a number of European cities covering political news in France and Europe.〔 Read by the European elite, these papers were known in France as the "foreign gazettes" (fr. ''gazettes étrangères'').〔〔 Eugéne Hatin, ''Bibliographie historique et critique de la presse périodique française ...'', Firmin Didot, 1866, (Google Print, p.83 ) (public domain)〕〔 G. Feyel,'' La diffusion des gazettes étrangères en France et la révolution postale des années 1750.'' in H. Duranton (ed.), ''Les Gazettes Européennes de la langue française (XVIIe-XVIIIe siècle)'', 1993, pp.86-88〕
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